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Multi-platform satellite-derived products during the 2025 Etna eruption.

G Ganci1, G Bilotta2, M Dozzo2

  • 1Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo, Catania, Italy. gaetana.ganci@ingv.it.

Scientific Data
|August 4, 2025
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Summary

Satellite data from the third-generation Meteosat satellite provided unprecedented insights into the February 2025 Mt. Etna eruption. This comprehensive dataset aids in understanding volcanic activity and improving hazard assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Volcanology
  • Earth Observation
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Earth Observation (EO) data are crucial for high-resolution volcanic eruption assessments.
  • The February 2025 Mt. Etna eruption was the first fully monitored by the third-generation Meteosat satellite, offering enhanced mid-infrared data.
  • Previous monitoring relied on less advanced satellite technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive suite of satellite-derived products for the February 2025 Mt. Etna eruption.
  • To leverage unprecedented data from the third-generation Meteosat satellite for detailed analysis.
  • To enhance understanding of magma supply, eruptive output, and volcanic hazard assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized daily Planet's imagery for lava flow monitoring.
  • Employed a post-eruptive Pléiades triplet to create an updated digital surface model (DSM) and estimate deposit thickness.
  • Integrated data from MODIS, SEVIRI, VIIRS, FCI, Skysat, PlanetScope, TROPOMI, and Pléiades for comprehensive analysis.

Main Results:

  • Generated time-averaged discharge rates (TADR) from multiple sensors (MODIS, SEVIRI, VIIRS, FCI).
  • Quantified lava flow areal expansion using Skysat and PlanetScope data.
  • Calculated deposit thickness via DSM differencing and derived SO2 mass flux from TROPOMI.
  • Produced a 5 m-resolution DSM from Pléiades imagery.

Conclusions:

  • Combined analysis of SO2 emissions and TADR enhances understanding of magma dynamics and eruptive processes.
  • The provided dataset is critical for multi-temporal morphological change analysis.
  • The data supports improved volcanic hazard assessment studies for Mt. Etna.