Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

159
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
159
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

114
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
114
Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

236
Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
236
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.4K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.4K
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

159
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
159
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

149
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
149

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of design features in gaze-based use of speech-generating devices.

Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology·2026
Same author

Working memory and aided AAC display design options for students with intellectual disabilities.

Augmentative and alternative communication (Baltimore, Md. : 1985)·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

8.5K

Performance-Based Executive Functions Predict Internalising but Not Externalising Maladaptive Behaviour in Students

Stephan Kehl1, Nina Römer1

  • 1Faculty of Participation Sciences, Ludwigsburg University of Education, Ludwigsburg, Germany.

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR
|August 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Executive functions (EFs) like working memory and inhibition are linked to internalizing maladaptive behaviors in students with intellectual disability (ID). This research clarifies EF

Keywords:
executive functionexternalising and internalising behaviourintellectual disabilitymaladaptive behaviourmental health condition

More Related Videos

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
11:29

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

9.3K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

8.5K
Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
11:29

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

9.3K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Special Education
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Maladaptive behavior is prevalent in students with intellectual disability (ID).
  • Existing research on the link between executive functions (EFs) and maladaptive behavior in students with ID is inconsistent.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for addressing behavioral challenges in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between core executive functions and maladaptive behavior in students with intellectual disability.
  • To clarify the predictive role of specific EFs on different types of maladaptive behavior.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 45 students with intellectual disability (mean age 11.8 years) participated.
  • Performance-based tasks assessed three core EFs: working memory, switching, and inhibition.
  • Maladaptive behavior was evaluated using teacher reports (Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd Edition - BASC-3).

Main Results:

  • Executive functions significantly predicted internalizing maladaptive behavior.
  • Working memory showed a positive association with internalizing maladaptive behavior.
  • Inhibition was negatively related to anxious maladaptive behavior, even after controlling for fluid intelligence, age, and sex.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides key evidence on the link between performance-based EFs and maladaptive behavior in students with ID.
  • Findings have practical implications for educators and clinicians working with students with ID.
  • Externalizing behaviors may signal underlying mental health issues, highlighting the interconnectedness of internalizing and externalizing behaviors.