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Multifrequency Time-Dependent Deep Image Prior for Real-Time Free-Breathing Cardiac Imaging
Jesse I Hamilton1,2, Gastao Cruz1, William Truesdell1
1Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
NMR in Biomedicine
|August 5, 2025
Summary
A new Multifrequency Time-DIP method enables high-resolution, real-time cardiac MRI without breath-holding or ECG gating. This advance improves imaging for patients with arrhythmias, offering better motion artifact reduction and image quality in free-breathing scans.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Cardiovascular MRI
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Background:
- Real-time cardiac MRI is crucial for assessing heart function, especially in patients unable to hold their breath or with arrhythmias.
- Existing Time-Dependent Deep Image Prior (Time-DIP) methods, while promising, rely on motion periodicity assumptions unsuitable for free-breathing scans.
- Limitations in current real-time cardiac MRI hinder accurate assessment in challenging patient populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a novel Multifrequency Time-DIP technique for high temporal resolution, free-breathing cardiac MRI.
- To overcome the motion periodicity limitations of previous Time-DIP methods for real-time imaging.
- To enable robust cardiac function assessment in patients with arrhythmias using free-breathing MRI.
Main Methods:
- Introduced a 'multifrequency manifold' to parameterize time without assuming motion periodicity.
- Employed joint estimation of coil sensitivities via zero-shot deep learning for improved multichannel data reconstruction.
- Validated the Multifrequency Time-DIP technique using simulations and 2D free-breathing ungated spiral bSSFP sequence in healthy subjects and patients, including those with arrhythmias.
Main Results:
- Multifrequency Time-DIP demonstrated superior performance in simulations compared to other real-time techniques.
- In vivo scans showed reduced aliasing artifacts and achieved high temporal resolution (4.2 ms/frame).
- Left ventricular (LV) functional measurements were comparable to conventional scans, with improved image quality metrics among real-time methods.
Conclusions:
- The generalized Multifrequency Time-DIP reconstruction successfully enables high temporal resolution, free-breathing real-time cardiac imaging.
- This method is effective in both healthy individuals and patients, including those with cardiac arrhythmias.
- Multifrequency Time-DIP represents a significant advancement for dynamic cardiac MRI in challenging clinical scenarios.
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