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Engineering DNA nanopores: from structural evolution to sensing and transport.
Fengyu Liu1,2,3, Tatsuo Arai1,2,3,4, Dezhou Guo3
1National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Materials Today. Bio
|August 5, 2025
Summary
Synthetic nanopores using DNA nanotechnology offer advanced cellular transport and sensing. This review details their evolution, limitations, and future potential in synthetic biology and nanomedicine.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology
- Molecular Biology
- Materials Science
Background:
- Synthetic nanopores mimic natural channels for studying cellular transport.
- DNA nanotechnology, especially DNA origami, provides a programmable platform for nanopore design.
- Existing reviews lack a comprehensive analysis of DNA nanopore evolution and limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the structural evolution of synthetic DNA nanopores.
- To analyze limitations and breakthroughs in DNA nanopore technology.
- To propose strategies for next-generation DNA nanopore development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of DNA nanopore research.
- Analysis of structural designs across three evolutionary phases.
- Integration of limitations and functional advancements.
Main Results:
- Identified three phases of DNA nanopore structural evolution: hybrid, vertically-inserted, and horizontally-arranged.
- Highlighted key limitations including stability, scalability, and noise.
- Showcased breakthroughs in single-molecule sensing and controlled transport.
Conclusions:
- DNA origami is a key technology for advanced biomimetic nanopores.
- Addressing stability and scalability is crucial for future applications.
- Next-generation DNA nanopores promise significant impact in synthetic biology and nanomedicine.
