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DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

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Published on: October 31, 2013

Engineering DNA nanopores: from structural evolution to sensing and transport.

Fengyu Liu^1,2,3, Tatsuo Arai^1,2,3,4, Dezhou Guo³

¹National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.

Materials Today. Bio

|August 5, 2025

Summary

Synthetic nanopores using DNA nanotechnology offer advanced cellular transport and sensing. This review details their evolution, limitations, and future potential in synthetic biology and nanomedicine.

Keywords:

DNA origami Molecular sensing Nanopores Transmembrane transport

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology and Nanotechnology
Molecular Biology
Materials Science

Background:

Synthetic nanopores mimic natural channels for studying cellular transport.
DNA nanotechnology, especially DNA origami, provides a programmable platform for nanopore design.
Existing reviews lack a comprehensive analysis of DNA nanopore evolution and limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the structural evolution of synthetic DNA nanopores.
To analyze limitations and breakthroughs in DNA nanopore technology.
To propose strategies for next-generation DNA nanopore development.

Main Methods:

Literature review of DNA nanopore research.
Analysis of structural designs across three evolutionary phases.
Integration of limitations and functional advancements.

Main Results:

Identified three phases of DNA nanopore structural evolution: hybrid, vertically-inserted, and horizontally-arranged.
Highlighted key limitations including stability, scalability, and noise.
Showcased breakthroughs in single-molecule sensing and controlled transport.

Conclusions:

DNA origami is a key technology for advanced biomimetic nanopores.
Addressing stability and scalability is crucial for future applications.
Next-generation DNA nanopores promise significant impact in synthetic biology and nanomedicine.