Gender Disparities in Workplace Violence Among Italian Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Occupational Safety
• Gender Studies

Background:

• Workplace violence (WPV) is a global concern for healthcare workers (HCWs).
• Marginalized groups, including women and gender minorities, may face disproportionately higher rates of WPV.
• Understanding the gendered dimensions of WPV is critical for effective prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the prevalence of WPV experienced by HCWs through a gender-focused lens.
• To identify factors contributing to the risk of WPV among HCWs.
• To specifically assess WPV experiences of transgender and gender expansive (TGE) individuals in healthcare.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Apulia, Italy.
• The study involved 3,259 HCWs from various healthcare institutions.
• The Italian-validated WHO Workplace Violence in the Health Sector questionnaire, with gender inclusivity modifications, was utilized.

Main Results:

• Overall WPV prevalence was 29.6% in hospitals and 57.1% in correctional facilities.
• Transgender and gender expansive (TGE) workers reported higher rates of verbal, physical, and sexual harassment.
• Significant predictors of WPV included gender, job type, night shifts, patient interactions, and medical setting.

Conclusions:

• TGE and female HCWs are particularly vulnerable to workplace violence.
• Findings highlight the urgent need for gender-sensitive interventions.
• Promoting safety, equity, and inclusion in healthcare workplaces is imperative.