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Unique Color Display via High-Order Reflectance in 1D Photonic Crystals for Advanced Security Levels in

Jae Min Bak1, Yejin Kim2, Min-Woo Yeo1

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Humidity-responsive photonic crystal (PC) films were developed to generate higher-order photonic stop bands (PSBs). These advanced PC films exhibit tunable multi-wavelength reflectivity and color transitions for sensing and anti-counterfeiting applications.

Keywords:
1D Photonic crystalsanti‐counterfeitinghigh‐order photonic stop bandshumidity responsiveunique color

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • 1D photonic crystals (PCs) offer tunable optical properties.
  • Achieving higher-order photonic stop bands (PSBs) is crucial for advanced optical functionalities.
  • Humidity-responsive materials are desirable for smart sensors and adaptive optics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop humidity-responsive 1D PC films capable of generating higher-order PSBs.
  • To investigate the effect of layer thickness on multi-wavelength reflectivity.
  • To explore the potential of these films in colorimetric sensing and anti-counterfeiting.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 1D PC films using alternating layers of photo-crosslinkable polymers: poly(2-vinylnaphthalene-co-benzophenone acrylate) (p(2VN-co-BPA)) and 52%-quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-benzophenone acrylate) (P4QP-52%).
  • Modulation of layer thickness to control PSB order and spectral characteristics.
  • Exposure to varying relative humidity (RH) to observe optical responses and color transitions.

Main Results:

  • The developed PC films successfully generated 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-order PSBs.
  • Increasing RH induced visible spectral color transitions across the films.
  • Thicker P4QP-52% layers enabled substantial shifts in 2nd- and 3rd-order PSBs, creating composite colors like magenta.
  • The films demonstrated vivid color changes and hidden patterning in response to humidity, suitable for anti-counterfeiting.

Conclusions:

  • Humidity-responsive 1D PC films with higher-order PSBs were successfully developed.
  • Layer thickness is a critical parameter for achieving multi-wavelength reflectivity and tunable color.
  • These films represent a significant advancement for colorimetric sensing and tunable optical materials.
  • The demonstrated anti-counterfeiting capabilities highlight their practical application potential in security features.