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Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Coronavirus

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection

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Adenovirus-Based Single-Dose Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: A Review.

Vivek P Chavda¹, Anita A Mehta^2,3, Hajra Zafar⁴

¹Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, 380009 Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)

|August 6, 2025

Summary

Adenovirus-based vaccines offer a promising single-dose solution for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). These vaccines demonstrate excellent safety and efficacy in clinical trials, providing optimism for overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:

Ad26 Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Janssen vaccine SARS-CoV-2 Sputnik Light vaccine adenovirus convidicea single-shot/dose vaccine

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Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Published on: June 2, 2016

Area of Science:

Vaccinology
Virology
Immunology

Background:

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlighted the need for effective vaccines.
Adenoviruses (Ad) are well-suited vectors for antigen delivery due to their ability to elicit innate and adaptive immune responses.
Ad-based vaccines have been developed and received emergency use authorization for COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development of single-dose vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
To highlight the advantages of adenovirus vectors in vaccine design.
To summarize the safety and efficacy profiles of Ad-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on Ad-based vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2.
Analysis of clinical trial data regarding safety and efficacy.
Evaluation of Adenovirus vector characteristics relevant to vaccine applications.

Main Results:

Adenovirus vectors offer advantages such as high titer, ease of processing, and effectiveness.
Ad-based vaccines have demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
Single-dose Ad-based vaccines are effective in both young individuals and adults.

Conclusions:

Adenovirus vectors represent a viable and effective platform for developing single-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
The favorable characteristics of Ad vectors contribute to their appeal for contagious disease vaccines.
Continued development of Ad-based vaccines offers a strong strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic.