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Performance Evaluation of ChatGPT-4o in Dermatological Diagnoses Across Fitzpatrick Skin Types
Priya Patel Housley1, Arthur M Samia1, Kiran Motaparthi1
1Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Abstract:
ChatGPT-4o, a multimodal AI model released in May 2024, offers free image analysis capabilities that patients may access prior to seeking medical care. We evaluated ChatGPT-4o's diagnostic performance across Fitzpatrick skin types (FSTs) using 324 biopsy-confirmed dermatologic images. The model generated three differential diagnoses and malignancy assessments per image, which were compared to histopathologic ground truths. Results showed significantly lower sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for melanoma in darker skin tones (FSTs III-VI) compared to lighter tones (FSTs I-II). These findings highlight the potential risk of biased AI performance in underrepresented populations and underscore the need for more inclusive dermatologic datasets.
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