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Related Concept Videos

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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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Motor elements of the third month variously predict individual later motor elements.

Ewa Gajewska1, Jerzy Moczko2, Magdalena Sobieska3

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland.

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Summary

Early motor assessments at 3 months, focusing on axial and distal features, strongly predict later motor development in infants. These findings highlight the importance of early indicators for monitoring infant motor progression and guiding interventions.

Keywords:
axial controlearly motor developmentinfant neuromotor assessmentmotor milestone predictionpreterm infants

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric developmental neurology
  • Infant motor development
  • Clinical kinesiology

Background:

  • Early motor development is crucial for overall child well-being.
  • Identifying reliable early indicators can facilitate timely interventions.
  • Understanding the relationship between early axial and distal motor patterns and later development is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between axial and distal motor features at 3 months of age and subsequent motor development at 4-5 and 7-8 months.
  • To establish the predictive value of early infant motor assessments for later developmental milestones.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective qualitative evaluation of motor development in 93 infants (including premature infants) at 3, 4-5, and 7-8 months.
  • Utilized the Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Motor Development Worksheet for 3-month assessments.
  • Employed the Vojta development concept for qualitative assessments at 4-5 and 7-8 months.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations were found between 3-month axial features and later motor skills, such as asymmetric elbow support.
  • Supine position observations at 3 months (midline crossing, grasping) correlated with correct pelvic and lower limb positioning.
  • Early axial and distal elements are essential for achieving a qualitatively correct oblique sitting position by 7-8 months.

Conclusions:

  • Axial motor features observed at 3 months are strong predictors of motor development at 4-5 months and show moderate correlations with development at 7-8 months.
  • Proper spine development is fundamental for the development of shoulders and pelvis.
  • Early assessment of axial motor features serves as a valuable indicator for motor progression and supports early intervention strategies.