Augmented Reality in Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis - An Evaluative Clinical Study

Area of Science:

• Medical Technology
• Surgical Innovation
• 3D Imaging

Background:

• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis requires precise needle placement into the upper joint compartment.
• Chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation presents a clinical challenge requiring effective treatment interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate an augmented reality (AR) system for precise needle guidance during TMJ arthrocentesis.
• To facilitate direct access to the upper compartment of the TMJ for lavage procedures.

Main Methods:

• A 3D virtual model of the TMJ was reconstructed from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
• An Android application was developed to create real-time AR visualizations by superimposing the virtual model onto the patient's TMJ.
• AR guidance was used to mark the skin puncture point and direct the needle for TMJ arthrocentesis.

Main Results:

• Successful TMJ arthrocentesis with direct access to the upper compartment was achieved in both cases using the AR system.
• Complete pain reduction was observed at 30- and 60-day follow-ups.
• Postoperative mouth opening reduced by an average of 4.33 mm after 60 days, and clicking sounds resolved by day 14.

Conclusions:

• Augmented reality (AR) demonstrates potential to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of TMJ arthrocentesis.
• AR offers precise needle guidance, potentially reducing the need for multiple punctures and improving procedural success.
• Further investigation is warranted to address limitations and fully establish the clinical utility of AR in TMJ arthrocentesis.