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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Multi-Faceted Roles of ERCC1-XPF Nuclease in Processing Non-B DNA Structures.

Tonia T Li1, Karen M Vasquez1

  • 1Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX 78723, USA.

DNA
|August 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ERCC1-XPF protein complex repairs DNA damage and maintains genome stability by processing alternative DNA structures. This review highlights its crucial role in DNA repair pathways and non-B DNA structure resolution.

Keywords:
DNA repairERCC1-XPFgenetic instabilitynon-B DNA structure

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Genetic instability, arising from DNA damage or repair protein alterations, contributes to disease.
  • DNA damage can stem from exogenous/endogenous sources and non-B DNA structures, impacting genome stability.
  • ERCC1-XPF is a key endonuclease involved in multiple DNA repair pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the ERCC1-XPF complex in processing alternative DNA structures.
  • To elucidate the function of ERCC1-XPF in maintaining genome stability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on ERCC1-XPF function.
  • Analysis of ERCC1-XPF's involvement in DNA repair mechanisms.
  • Examination of ERCC1-XPF's interaction with non-B DNA structures.

Main Results:

  • ERCC1-XPF participates in nucleotide excision repair (NER).
  • ERCC1-XPF is essential for repairing DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs).
  • ERCC1-XPF plays a role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair via homologous recombination.
  • ERCC1-XPF processes various alternative DNA structures.

Conclusions:

  • ERCC1-XPF is a versatile DNA repair endonuclease.
  • The processing of alternative DNA structures by ERCC1-XPF is critical for genome integrity.
  • Understanding ERCC1-XPF's function offers insights into disease mechanisms related to DNA repair deficiencies.