[Relationship expectations and loneliness in older adults: A qualitative study]

Cognitive discrepancy theory defines loneliness as the experienced discrepancy between the desired or needed (quality of) relationships and the achieved ones. This assumes that people have relationship expectations that need to be met in order to avoid loneliness. This study examines quantitative and qualitative relationship expectations of older adults, for which the 'social relationships expectations framework' by Akhter-Kahn et al.1 serves as an important starting point. Semi-structured interviews about loneliness and relationship expectations were conducted among older adults (ages 62-93 years; N=18). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The results show that partners are typically considered to be the most important social relationships, followed by children and grandchildren, friends and brothers and sisters, and other relations. A high contact frequency, availability, closeness, provision of care and support, intimacy, and fun is expected from the most important social relationships. Availability when needed, fun and distraction are expected of less important social relationships. Relationship expectations change over time and as a result of social circumstances. Implications for loneliness interventions are discussed.