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Defining the Terminology for Acute Ear Discharge in Children: Systematic Review and Expert Consensus Using the

Elliot Heward1,2, James Dempsey2, Amy McGovarin2

  • 1Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Clinical Otolaryngology : Official Journal of ENT-UK ; Official Journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery
|August 6, 2025
PubMed

Insights

A new standardized term, acute otitis media with discharge (AOMd), is proposed for children with ear infections and discharge. This aims to improve patient care and research consistency for this common pediatric condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology
  • Medical Terminology Standardization

Background:

  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood infection.
  • Approximately 15% of children with AOM experience tympanic membrane perforation and ear discharge.
  • This subset of patients may require different management, necessitating distinct terminology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To standardize disease terminology for children with acute otitis media and discharge.
  • To differentiate this specific patient group from AOM without perforation.
  • To establish a consensus on appropriate diagnostic terms.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using OVID Embase.
  • The RAND version of the Nominal Group Technique was employed with an expert panel.
  • Consensus was reached on terminology for acute ear discharge in children.

Main Results:

  • The review identified nine different definitions for AOM with discharge in the literature.
  • The expert panel recommended 'acute otitis media with discharge (AOMd)' for cases up to 6 weeks.
  • Recurrent disease was defined as four or more episodes per year.

Conclusions:

  • A standardized terminology, AOMd, is proposed for acute ear discharge secondary to AOM in children.
  • Consistent terminology is crucial for enhancing patient care.
  • Standardized terms will ensure homogeneity in future research studies.
Abstract

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