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Related Concept Videos

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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

An Analytical Tool-box for Comprehensive Biochemical, Structural and Transcriptome Evaluation of Oral Biofilms Mediated by Mutans Streptococci
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Maple polyphenols inhibit sortase and drastically reduce Streptococcus mutans biofilms.

Ahmed M Elbakush1, Oliver Trunschke1, Mark Gomelsky1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.

Microbiology Spectrum
|August 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Maple polyphenols, including (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), inhibit Sortase A (SrtA) in Streptococcus mutans, reducing plaque formation on teeth. These natural compounds offer a safe and effective strategy for preventing dental caries, especially in children.

Keywords:
ListeriaStreptococcusantibiofilmbiofilmcariesepicatechin gallatemaplepolyphenolsortase

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Dental caries is caused by Streptococcus mutans adherence and biofilm formation.
  • Sortase A (SrtA) is crucial for anchoring adhesins in S. mutans, making it a target for preventing plaque.
  • Edible polyphenols from maple extracts have shown SrtA inhibitory and antibiofilm properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of maple polyphenols, including (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), against S. mutans SrtA.
  • To evaluate the antibiofilm activity of these compounds on tooth-mimicking surfaces.
  • To assess the potential of these natural compounds as agents for dental caries prevention.

Main Methods:

  • In silico modeling was used to assess the binding of maple polyphenols and EGCG to S. mutans SrtA.
  • In vitro assays measured sortase activity inhibition and S. mutans attachment to hydroxyapatite discs and acrylic teeth.
  • Antibiofilm activity was quantified for tested compounds, with a focus on ECG.

Main Results:

  • Maple polyphenols and EGCG demonstrated favorable binding to S. mutans SrtA via in silico analysis.
  • These compounds effectively inhibited sortase activity in vitro and reduced bacterial attachment to tooth-like surfaces.
  • ECG exhibited the strongest antibiofilm activity at 100 µM, outperforming EGCG and showing strain independence.

Conclusions:

  • Maple-derived polyphenols, particularly ECG, are effective inhibitors of S. mutans SrtA and possess significant antibiofilm properties.
  • Aqueous maple extracts or ECG represent a safe, cost-effective, and natural strategy for preventing dental caries.
  • ECG's efficacy, safety, and abundance make it a promising ingredient for oral hygiene products, especially for children.