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Soccer Refereeing and Resilient Behavior: Relationships With Psychological Inflexibility and Perfectionism
Félix Arbinaga1, Gerardo A Araya-Vargas2,3, Emilio Moreno-San-Pedro1
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
Perceptual and Motor Skills
|August 7, 2025
Summary
Perfectionism and psychological inflexibility significantly impact resilience in soccer referees. Adaptive perfectionism boosts resilience, while maladaptive perfectionism and inflexibility decrease it, affecting referee performance.
Area of Science:
- Sports Psychology
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Perfectionism and psychological inflexibility are recognized psychological constructs.
- Resilience is crucial for performance in demanding professions like sports officiating.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between perfectionism, psychological inflexibility, and resilience in soccer referees.
- To identify specific facets of perfectionism and psychological inflexibility that predict resilience.
Main Methods:
- Online survey data collected from 199 soccer referees.
- Statistical analyses including linear regression and odds ratios were employed.
- Participants were categorized based on levels of perfectionism and psychological inflexibility.
Main Results:
- Low resilience was associated with higher psychological inflexibility, maladaptive perfectionism, and lower adaptive perfectionism.
- High-medium psychological inflexibility increased the risk of low resilience (OR = 4.079).
- Adaptive perfectionism positively predicted resilience (β = 0.468), while psychological inflexibility (β = -0.213) and maladaptive perfectionism (β = -0.323) negatively predicted it.
Conclusions:
- Psychological inflexibility and maladaptive perfectionism are detrimental to referee resilience.
- Promoting adaptive perfectionism and psychological flexibility may enhance referee resilience and performance.
- Findings have implications for sports psychology interventions and referee training programs.
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