Top-Down Fabricated Wood-Derived Pressure and Strain Sensors: A Review

As the most abundant and renewable natural resource on earth, wood has been widely used in daily life and industry since ancient times owing to its low cost, facile processability, and environmental sustainability. In recent years, advanced wood-based materials have rapidly emerged/developed, among which wood-derived pressure/strain sensors have attracted attention. To date, most reviews on wood-based sensors have focused on bottom-up strategies, while relatively few have explored the top-down approach. However, the top-down strategies offer notable advantages in terms of process efficiency and reduced energy consumption. This review summarizes recent advances in top-down fabricated wood-derived pressure/strain sensors (TWPSS), including raw material selection, the influence of wood composition and microstructure on sensor performance, and top-down pretreatment methods. Furthermore, the characteristics, sensing mechanisms, and practical applications of TWPSS are analyzed. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are proposed. This review aims to provide insights and serve as a reference for further development of TWPSS.