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Environmental and Maternal Imprints on Infant Gut Metabolic Programming.

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Early life gut microbiome development in Bangladeshi infants shows increasing microbial bile amidates and N-acyl lipids. Environmental factors and delivery mode significantly shape infant metabolic profiles.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Metabolomics
  • Human development

Background:

  • Early life is crucial for immune and metabolic programming.
  • Developmental patterns are underexplored in low- and middle-income countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile the microbiome and metabolome of Bangladeshi mother-infant dyads during the first six months of life.
  • To understand how environmental and maternal factors influence infant gut metabolic programming.

Main Methods:

  • Profiling of microbiome and metabolome in 55 Bangladeshi mother-infant dyads.
  • Microbial source tracking.
  • Multi-omics analysis to identify microbial-metabolite relationships.

Main Results:

  • Observed age-related increase in microbially-derived bile amidates and N-acyl lipids, linked to the bile salt hydrolase (bsh) gene.
  • Confirmed maternal fecal seeding but also highlighted significant environmental contributions.
  • Infant fecal metabolic profiles differed based on delivery mode, maternal milk, household assets, and water treatment.
  • C-section delivery and untreated water associated with transient metabolic changes, including increased bile amidates and N-acyl lipids.

Conclusions:

  • Early life environmental and maternal circumstances significantly shape infant metabolic gut programming via the microbiome.
  • Specific microbial-metabolite relationships were identified, offering insights into host-microbe co-metabolism.