The interface of various glasses and glass ceramics with a bony implantation bed

Basing on histomorphological evaluations and morphometrical quantifications in a standardized model experiment, a comparison is made between the reactions of skeletal tissues to various glasses, glass-ceramics and enamels. On the surface of these so-called reactive biomaterials either a direct bonding to mineralized bone or also different amounts of osteoid or chondroid tissue formation can be observed, depending on the composition of the material. It is shown that the solubility of the glasses cannot directly be related to the reactivity and the resulting bone bonding; bone binds only to glasses with a controlled release of constituents and which exhibit a seam of extracellular matrix on their surface, in which normal primary mineralization can occur; the release of constituents such as Al2O3, Ta2O5, ZrO2, or phosphates from the material can inhibit this normal mineralization and the transformation of chondroid tissue to bone; if connective tissue instead of bone is present at the interface (either primarily or after bone remodelling), the dissolution (or corrosion) of the material may be no longer controllable, and the tissue reacts with a continuous inflammatory response to the corrosion products.