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Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics
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Toward a monocot SynBio toolkit: assessing regulatory element performance and eudicot compatibility.

David B May1, Alexander C Pfotenhauer1, Bryn L Concha1

  • 1Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.

Plant Cell Reports
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a synthetic biology toolkit with genetic regulatory elements for improved transgene expression in monocots like corn. This library offers a wide dynamic range for applications in agriculture and genetic engineering.

Keywords:
FluorometryGenetic regulatory elementsMonocotsProtoplastsSynthetic biologyTransgene expression

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Plant molecular biology
  • Genetic engineering

Background:

  • Monocotyledonous species are crucial for global agriculture, necessitating advancements in their genetic engineering.
  • A limited availability of suitable genetic regulatory elements hinders synthetic biology applications in cereals and grasses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assemble and characterize a comprehensive toolkit of genetic regulatory elements for monocots.
  • To enable tunable transgene expression for synthetic biology applications in agricultural species.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an 80-member combinatorial parts library of promoters, 5' UTRs, and 3' UTRs from diverse sources.
  • Evaluated 77 combinations for GFP reporter gene expression in Zea mays protoplasts.
  • Assessed cross-clade compatibility of regulatory elements in Nicotiana benthamiana via agroinfiltration.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 74.5-fold dynamic range of GFP expression levels in Zea mays protoplasts.
  • Identified novel promoter-5' UTR and 3' UTR combinations that enhance reporter gene expression.
  • Demonstrated interspecific activity for 34 regulatory element combinations across monocot and dicot species.

Conclusions:

  • The developed toolkit provides a valuable resource for enhancing transgene expression in monocots.
  • This toolkit facilitates diverse synthetic biology applications, including genome editing and metabolic pathway engineering.
  • The characterized elements offer tunable expression crucial for advanced genetic manipulation in crops.