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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

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Engineering Rapamycin-Induced Dimerization for Control of Gene Expression in Plants.

Dominic Schirmer1,2, Andrew C Reed2,3, Alexander C Pfotenhauer2

  • 1Department of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|April 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Scientists engineered a new rapamycin-inducible system for precise control of gene expression in plants. This FKBP-FRB split transcription factor system offers reduced background activity and enhanced inducibility for synthetic biology applications.

Keywords:
FKBPFRBchemical induced gene expressionplant synthetic biologyrapamycin switchsplit transcription factor

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Chemical induction systems are crucial for controlling gene expression in plants for synthetic biology.
  • Existing systems often suffer from high basal activity and unintended environmental activation.
  • Developing precise and robust inducible systems is essential for advancing plant engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a novel rapamycin-inducible FKBP-FRB split transcription factor system for plants.
  • To achieve precise temporal, spatial, and quantitative control over gene expression.
  • To overcome limitations of existing plant chemical induction systems.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered a split transcription factor system using human FKBP12 and hFRB domains fused to DNA-binding and activation domains.
  • Systematically optimized designs by varying DNA-binding domains, FRB repeats, and promoter architectures.
  • Validated system performance through gene expression analysis under different rapamycin concentrations and application methods.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an 87-fold increase in target gene expression from uninduced to induced states.
  • Significantly reduced basal activity compared to constitutive promoters like 2×CaMV35S.
  • Demonstrated high sensitivity to rapamycin at nanomolar concentrations with simple application methods (leaf spray, soil application).

Conclusions:

  • The developed rapamycin-inducible FKBP-FRB system provides a robust and precise tool for gene regulation in plants.
  • Offers improved control over gene expression compared to existing systems, enabling advanced synthetic biology applications.
  • Has potential for further expansion using orthogonal ligands and engineered FKBP/FRB variants.