Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Blind Procedures

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...

Crossover Experiments

Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

The Placebo Effect

The Placebo Effect

The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.

Group Design

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...

Depression: Overview

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Corrigendum to "What do personality tests say about mood disorders? A systematic review" [Acta Psychologica 266 (2026) 106839].

Acta psychologica·2026

Same author

What do personality tests say about mood disorders? A systematic review.

Acta psychologica·2026

Same author

Is Magnetic Seizure Therapy Effective in Treating Anhedonia Symptoms in Treatment-Resistant Depression? Preliminary Evidence from a Case Series.

The journal of ECT·2025

Same author

Quantitative Sensory Testing in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Scoping Review.

Biomedicines·2025

Same author

No changes in plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in treatment-resistant depression patients who underwent convulsive therapy.

Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)·2025

Same author

Accelerated Theta-Burst Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA psychiatry·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Psychoeducation Group for Depression (PEG-D): Study protocol for a prospective, randomized, single-blind, crossover

Adriana Munhoz Carneiro^1,2, Sara Lisboa Teodoro Silva¹, Fernando Dos Santos Fernandes¹

¹Mood Disorders Unit, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

|August 8, 2025

Summary

This study investigates a psychoeducational program as an adjunctive treatment for depression. The program aims to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life for individuals with Major Depressive Disorder.

More Related Videos

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

Area of Science:

Mental Health
Clinical Psychology
Psychiatry

Background:

Depression is a significant global health issue with complex causes.
Current pharmacological treatments for depression have limitations.
Non-pharmacological interventions are explored to improve remission rates and life quality.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a brief psychoeducational program as a supplementary treatment for depression.
To assess the efficacy of psychoeducation in managing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

Main Methods:

A single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial involving 190 MDD patients.
Participants received either Treatment as Usual (TAU) + Psychoeducation or TAU alone.
The psychoeducational program comprised six weekly 90-minute group sessions focused on depression management.

Main Results:

Primary outcomes include reduction in depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and increased depression knowledge.
Secondary outcomes assess improvements in functioning (Global Functioning Rating Scale) and quality of life.
Cognitive and behavioral factors are evaluated using specific scales (CBAS, EPD).

Conclusions:

A validated psychoeducational program is essential for understanding its role in depression treatment.
If superior to TAU, this program offers a cost-effective adjunctive therapy for depression.
Future research may explore online formats and other patient populations.