Phlorotannins as Marine-Derived Polyphenols for Advancing Cosmeceutical Formulations

Phlorotannins are polyphenolic metabolites mostly derived from brow algae belonging to families such as Fucaceae, Alariaceae, and Sargassaceae. They contain 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene (phloroglucinol) and have biologically inclusive attributes, comprising antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative outcomes. This review seeks to show the cosmetic aspects of phlorotannins from an aesthetic and dermatological perspective. The effects of these compounds are briefly discussed in terms of antiaging, anti-melanogenesis, anti-allergy, anti-inflammation, and antimicrobial effects. The rising demand for natural cosmetics and health products is motivating scientists to explore novel medicine delivery methods for the use of phlorotannins in cosmetics, which are briefly discussed in this study. However, limitations such as limited resources and access make the use of phlorotannins challenging, and extraction costs can also be a factor. Various formulations have been developed, ranging from classic forms like gels, creams, and lotions to newer ones utilizing drug delivery systems like nanoliposomes. The compounds' mechanism of action is still a mystery to be solved, highlighting the need for more clinical trials to determine skin absorption, toxicity, effectiveness, and potential side effects to enhance the quality of cosmetic products.