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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

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Improving Affective Associations With Physical Activity via a Message-Based mHealth Intervention (WalkToJoy):

Soo Ji Serisse Choi1, Pei-Yao Hung2, Mengyun Liu1

  • 1School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

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Summary

The WalkToJoy intervention effectively improved affective outcomes related to walking in adults aged 40+. Animated prompts significantly boosted daily step counts, showing promise for affect-driven physical activity (PA) motivation.

Keywords:
affective messagingaffective-reflective theoryevaluative conditioningmobile healtholder adultsphysical activity promotion

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Health Psychology
  • Digital Health Interventions

Background:

  • Traditional mobile health (mHealth) interventions for physical activity (PA) often overlook affective associations, hindering long-term engagement.
  • The WalkToJoy intervention applies affective-reflective theory to boost intrinsic motivation for PA in adults aged 40+.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of the WalkToJoy intervention package.
  • To examine the impact of walking suggestion prompts, salience messages, and planning prompts on affective and behavioral outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-week remote full factorial experiment with a microrandomized trial (MRT) involving 49 adults aged 40+.
  • Statistical analyses assessed pretest-posttest changes and component effects on affective measures and daily step counts.
  • Qualitative interviews explored participant experiences and engagement.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements observed in affective attitudes, valuations, reflection, and anticipated affect (P<.001).
  • Animated walking suggestion prompts (GIFs) significantly increased anticipated affect (P=.046) and daily step count by 1834 steps (P=.05).
  • While overall step increase was not significant, qualitative data suggested flexible message interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • The WalkToJoy intervention is feasible and enhances affective associations with walking.
  • Affect-driven interventions, particularly engaging prompts, show potential for improving PA motivation and adherence.
  • Walking suggestion prompts effectively boosted engagement and mitigated message fatigue.