Dysmasema: Persistent Decline in Masticatory Function Related to Aging and Systemic Factors

Decreased masticatory function, which is termed 'masticatory dysfunction', has long been considered a sign and symptom of underlying oral diseases. Masticatory function usually improves when the underlying diseases are treated. However, in older patients with systemic diseases, persistent masticatory dysfunction may occur even after individuals receive dental treatment. In this narrative review, the authors review of the current research on masticatory dysfunction associated with systemic factors, and proposed the concept of Dysmasema - a persistent condition of masticatory dysfunction refractory to dental treatment and associated with aging and systemic factors. The rationale for the need for the new concept (i.e., Dysmasema) and the elements needed to identify Dysmasema - namely, low masticatory performance, subjective eating difficulty, and poor nutritional status - are addressed. This new proposal, which is based on clinical, epidemiological, and pathological perspectives, contributes to the precise diagnosis and treatment of older adults by linking masticatory dysfunction with systemic factors.