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Related Concept Videos

Botulism01:22

Botulism

Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...

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Isolation and Quantification of Botulinum Neurotoxin From Complex Matrices Using the BoTest Matrix Assays
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Feline botulism: two decades and two reports.

Ísis Assis Braga1,2, Nicoly Ferreira de Urzedo3, Guilherme Oliveira Maia3,4

  • 1Laboratório de Parasitologia e Análises Clínicas Veterinária, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí (UFJ), Jataí, Goiás, Brazil. isisbraga@ufj.edu.br.

Veterinary Research Communications
|August 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A rare outbreak of type C botulism affected domestic cats in Brazil, causing severe neurological signs and fatalities. The toxin was detected in some cats, highlighting the need to consider botulism in feline neurological cases.

Keywords:
Clostridium botulinum type cBotulismBrazilDomestic catsFlaccid paralysisOutbreak

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Toxicology
  • Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Background:

  • Botulism is a rare paralytic illness caused by botulinum toxin.
  • The last reported natural case of type C botulism in cats was two decades ago.
  • This study addresses a recent outbreak in Brazil.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe an outbreak of type C botulism in domestic cats.
  • To investigate the clinical, epidemiological, and diagnostic findings.
  • To emphasize the importance of diagnosing feline botulism.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical evaluation of 21 cats with flaccid tetraparesis.
  • Necropsy and histopathological examination.
  • Detection of botulinum toxin type C via mouse bioassay in feces, liver, and intestinal contents.
  • Exclusion of other infectious agents (FeLV, Coronavirus, Toxoplasma, Neospora) and parasites.

Main Results:

  • Cats presented with hypotonia, hypophonia, and paralysis.
  • Eight cats died from cardiorespiratory arrest.
  • Botulinum toxin type C was confirmed in 5 cats.
  • No significant gross or microscopic lesions were observed.
  • The source of intoxication remained unidentified despite epidemiological links to diet and behavior.

Conclusions:

  • This study documents a significant outbreak of feline botulism.
  • Botulism should be considered in cats with acute flaccid paralysis.
  • Further investigation is needed to identify the source of type C botulism in feline outbreaks.