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Artificial intelligence in forensic neuropathology: A systematic review.

Michele Treglia1, Raffaele La Russa2, Gabriele Napoletano3

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhances forensic neuropathology by analyzing histopathological data for conditions like traumatic brain injury and epilepsy. AI tools offer computer-assisted diagnostics for post-mortem examinations, improving cause of death investigations.

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Artificial intelligenceConvolutional neuronal networkDeep learningForensicForensic neuropathologyMachine learningNeuropathology

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Neuropathology
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Digital Pathology

Background:

  • Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Deep Learning (DL), excels in analyzing large datasets and medical images.
  • AI applications in forensic pathology include interpreting histopathological data for conditions like myocardial infarction and traumatic injuries.
  • Machine Learning (ML) and DL show promise in forensic neuropathology for interpreting instrumental and histopathological data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in AI, ML, and DL techniques in forensic neuropathology.
  • To focus on AI's ability to interpret data for supporting professional diagnostics.
  • To highlight AI's role in investigating causes of death through neuropathology.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA standards.
  • 34 articles on AI applications in forensic neuropathology were selected.
  • Articles were categorized into traumatic brain injury (TBI) and epilepsy/SUDEP-related studies.

Main Results:

  • AI techniques showed promising results in forensic investigation of cerebral pathology.
  • AI serves as a valuable computer-assisted diagnostic tool.
  • AI aids in post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) and histopathological analyses for cause of death determination.

Conclusions:

  • AI applications are valuable in key neuropathology areas for investigating causes of death.
  • AI provides advanced tools for forensic neuropathological analysis.
  • The review offers a comprehensive overview of AI's utility in forensic neuropathology.