Quantitative Comprehensive Analysis of the Relationship Between Sinus Tracts and Clinical Characteristics in...

The impact of sinus tracts on infectious joint disease (IJD) is often underestimated, influencing both diagnosis and management. The relationship between sinus tracts and various risk factors remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between sinus tracts and clinical characteristics to improve IJD diagnosis and management.

This cross-sectional study, conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from August 19, 2021, to April 20, 2024, included 291 IJD cases. Data on general, laboratory, and operational factors were collected. Univariate and multiple regression equations evaluated associations between sinus tracts and clinical outcomes using logistic regressions.

The multiple regression equations revealed that sinus tracts were linked to various characteristics. Women had a reduced risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45 to 1.17, P = 0.19), while malnutrition increased the risk (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.18 to 3.11, P = 0.008). Gram-positive infections raised the risk (OR = 4.92, 95% CI: 2.49 to 9.73, P < 0.001), with polymicrobial infections showing an even higher risk (OR = 6.37, 95% CI: 2.69 to 15.11, P < 0.001). Patients who had sinus tracts had a higher number of previous surgeries, with a mean difference of 1.12 surgeries (95% CI: 0.78 to 1.47, P < 0.001). Those who had sinus tracts lasting more than 1 month showed an even higher mean difference of 1.2 surgeries (95% CI: 0.85 to 1.60, P < 0.001). Patients who had three sinus tracts exhibited a significantly greater mean difference of 5.1 surgeries (95% CI: 3.51 to 6.66, P < 0.001).

Sinus tract formation is related to multiple clinical characteristics, including sex, education, malnutrition, positive cultures, and Gram-positive infections. It correlates with lower pain scores and longer duration, but does not affect inflammatory markers.

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