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Processing Tomato Responses to Plant-Based Biostimulants Are Modulated by Environmental Conditions.

Giovanna Marta Fusco1, Andrea Burato2,3, Alfonso Pentangelo3

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Foliar biostimulants did not improve tomato yield or quality under variable Italian open-field conditions. However, one formulation increased beneficial compounds like polyphenols and amino acids during stressful years, suggesting metabolic benefits.

Keywords:
Solanum lycopersicum L.amino acidsclimate changeplant resilienceprotein hydrolysates

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Sustainable Agriculture

Background:

  • Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation in Mediterranean regions is crucial but threatened by environmental variability causing oxidative stress and reduced yield/quality.
  • Plant-based protein hydrolysates (PHs) and optimized irrigation are explored for enhancing crop resilience.
  • Foliar biostimulants offer a potential strategy to mitigate stress and improve crop performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of two foliar biostimulants, MU (seaweed and amino acid-based) and SR (potassium-rich botanical extract), on tomato crops.
  • To assess their impact on yield, fruit quality, and metabolic profiles under open-field conditions in southern Italy.
  • To understand biostimulant efficacy in relation to year-to-year environmental fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Two tomato seasons (2019-2020) of open-field cultivation (cv. "H1534") in Foggia, Italy.
  • Foliar application of two biostimulants: MU and SR.
  • Analysis of yield traits, technological quality (e.g., °Brix, lycopene), and amino acid profiles (essential and BCAAs).

Main Results:

  • Neither biostimulant significantly affected overall yield or technological quality.
  • Environmental variability between 2019 and 2020 caused substantial declines in yield (-45%) and quality parameters (e.g., °Brix -41%, lycopene -58%) in 2020, indicating stress.
  • Under stress (2020), MU increased polyphenols (+27%) and essential (+42%) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, +63%); SR also boosted BCAAs (+30%).

Conclusions:

  • Foliar biostimulants primarily influenced tomato fruit metabolic profiles rather than yield or quality traits under variable open-field conditions.
  • Biostimulant performance is closely linked to environmental factors, highlighting the need for context-specific evaluations.
  • Findings suggest biostimulants may enhance stress resilience by modulating fruit composition, supporting sustainable agriculture practices.