New prospects in oncotherapy: bioactive compounds from Taraxacum officinale

Cancer remains one of the most significant global health challenges, requiring continuous exploration of novel therapeutic agents. Traditional medicine has long used Taraxacum officinale H.Wigg, commonly known as dandelion, for its diverse pharmacological properties. Recent studies have highlighted its potential anticancer effects attributed to a rich phytochemical profile containing flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, and sterols. This review systematically examines the available scientific literature regarding Taraxacum officinale, focusing on its ethnomedical application, phytochemical composition, and anticancer mechanism demonstrated in vitro and in vivo models. Key bioactive compounds, such as taraxasterol, chlorogenic acid, chicoric acid, and taraxinic acid, have been identified as promising agents capable of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and modulating oncogenic pathways. Additionally, the plant's safety profile and toxicological assessments are discussed to evaluate its therapeutic viability. Given its multi-target biological activity and low toxicity, Taraxacum officinale holds significant potential for integration into oncotherapy as an adjuvant treatment. However, further preclinical and clinical investigations remain essential to validate its efficacy and mechanism of action, paving the way for the development of cost-effective, plant-based cancer therapeutics.