Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:39

Mutations

84.2K
Overview
84.2K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

10.8K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
10.8K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

9.2K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.2K
Point and Frameshift Mutations01:30

Point and Frameshift Mutations

86
Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...
86
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

12.2K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
12.2K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.9K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identification of G4-regulated immune-related drug targets for prostate cancer based on G4 screen and machine learning.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Structural insights into RNA recognition by the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> exoribonuclease YhaM.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Transcription factor ID3 promotes fibroblast differentiation and proliferation in lung fibrosis through augmenting the TGF-β signaling pathway.

Molecular immunology·2026
Same author

A Single-Cell Guided Machine Learning Model Predicts Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastric Cancer.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026
Same author

Captodative Radicals Enable the Coexistence of Monomer and Dimer Single-Molecule Junctions with 100-Fold Difference in Conductance.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement Reaction for Single-Molecule Junction Formation.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Chlorinated VSLSs Surpass HCFCs in CFC-11-Equivalent Emissions for Ozone Layer Depletion in China.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Charge transfer in triphenylamine-tetrazine covalent organic frameworks for solar-driven hydrogen peroxide production.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Vegetation browning patterns under compound soil and atmospheric dryness in northern permafrost ecosystems.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Voltage imaging of CA1 pyramidal cells and SST+ interneurons reveals stability and plasticity mechanisms of spatial firing.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Radical-omics reveals the hydrogen-abstraction pathway of isoprene oxidation.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Toughening elastomer via sequentially activated multi-pathway energy dissipation.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
10:27

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Published on: July 8, 2019

6.4K

An RNA modification prevents extended codon-anticodon interactions from facilitating +1 frameshifting.

Evelyn M Kimbrough1, Ha An Nguyen1, Haixing Li2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Nature Communications
|August 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The N1-methylguanosine (m1G) modification on transfer RNA (tRNA) stabilizes its structure on the ribosome. This modification prevents translation errors like +1 frameshifting.

More Related Videos

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
12:26

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation

Published on: February 12, 2022

5.2K
A Novel Saturation Mutagenesis Approach: Single Step Characterization of Regulatory Protein Binding Sites in RNA Using Phosphorothioates
11:49

A Novel Saturation Mutagenesis Approach: Single Step Characterization of Regulatory Protein Binding Sites in RNA Using Phosphorothioates

Published on: August 21, 2018

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
10:27

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Published on: July 8, 2019

6.4K
Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
12:26

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation

Published on: February 12, 2022

5.2K
A Novel Saturation Mutagenesis Approach: Single Step Characterization of Regulatory Protein Binding Sites in RNA Using Phosphorothioates
11:49

A Novel Saturation Mutagenesis Approach: Single Step Characterization of Regulatory Protein Binding Sites in RNA Using Phosphorothioates

Published on: August 21, 2018

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA post-transcriptional modifications are crucial for RNA stability and function.
  • While modifications on messenger RNA (mRNA) are well-studied, their impact on transfer RNA (tRNA) stability and protein synthesis accuracy, particularly outside the anticodon, remains less understood.
  • Deficiencies in tRNA modifications can lead to translation errors, including mRNA frameshifting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the N1-methylguanosine (m1G) modification at position 37 of Escherichia coli tRNAProL in preventing +1 frameshifting.
  • To elucidate the structural mechanisms by which m1G37 influences tRNA conformation and ribosomal function.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM).
  • Structural analysis of ribosomal complexes containing wild-type and m1G37-deficient E. coli tRNAProL.

Main Results:

  • The m1G37 modification is essential and sufficient for modulating the conformational energy of tRNAProL on the ribosome, thereby suppressing +1 frameshifting.
  • Structures revealed that tRNAProL lacking m1G37 can form four or even five base pairs in the codon-anticodon interaction.
  • These findings provide direct visualization supporting the hypothesis that four base-pair interactions can occur during +1 frameshifting.

Conclusions:

  • The m1G37 modification on tRNAProL plays a critical role in maintaining translational fidelity by preventing +1 frameshifting.
  • Structural insights into the m1G37-deficient tRNAProL-ribosome complex offer a direct mechanistic explanation for frameshifting errors.