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  1. Home
  3. Acid-catalyzed Rearrangement Reaction For Single-molecule Junction Formation.
  1. Home
  3. Acid-catalyzed Rearrangement Reaction For Single-molecule Junction Formation.

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Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement Reaction for Single-Molecule Junction Formation.

Yihao Zhang1, Yunlong Li2, Zhenpin Lu2

  • 1Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 6, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acid catalysis enables robust single-molecule junction formation for hydrazobenzenes. This breakthrough utilizes a rearrangement reaction to create stable metal-molecule-metal devices, paving the way for new molecular electronics.

Keywords:
benzidine rearrangement reactiondeprotonationhydrazobenzenescanning tunneling microscope break‐junctionsingle‐molecule junction conductance

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Single-molecule junction formation is crucial for molecular electronics but challenging for molecules lacking anchoring groups.
  • Hydrazobenzenes typically do not form stable junctions with gold electrodes due to the absence of suitable anchoring functionalities.
  • Existing methods for creating metal-molecule-metal junctions often require specific functional groups or harsh conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel method for forming single-molecule junctions using hydrazobenzene derivatives.
  • To explore the role of acid catalysis in promoting junction formation and stability.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of acid-catalyzed rearrangement and subsequent dative bonding in single-molecule junctions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized scanning tunneling microscope-based break junction (STM-BJ) technique for real-time monitoring of junction formation.
  • Employed acid catalysis to induce rearrangement of hydrazobenzene.
  • Performed ex situ synthesis and characterization of benzidine and analyzed reaction products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Main Results:

  • Addition of acid rapidly and robustly facilitated single-molecule junction formation for hydrazobenzenes.
  • A characteristic conductance peak at 1.3×10-3 G0 indicated stable junction formation, attributed to benzidine via NH2→Au dative interactions.
  • Observed deprotonation of reaction products in nonpolar solvents under applied voltage, and conversion of -NH3+ to -NH2 during junction formation.

Conclusions:

  • A new, efficient acid-catalyzed method for forming single-molecule devices has been demonstrated.
  • The study reveals an acid-induced rearrangement mechanism leading to robust metal-molecule-metal junctions.
  • This approach offers a versatile strategy for fabricating molecular electronic devices from molecules previously unsuitable for junction formation.