Recent Progress in Interlayer Engineering of Layered Materials for High-Performance Magnesium Ion Batteries

Layered materials have emerged as a promising platform for the rational design of high-performance electrodes in rechargeable magnesium ion batteries (RMBs). The presence of weakly bonded van der Waals gaps within their structure enables the accommodation of guest species, thereby mitigating the intrinsically sluggish Mg²⁺ diffusion kinetics arisen from strong electrostatic interactions. Precise nanochannel engineering effectively unlocks the magnesium storage potential of these materials, addressing the growing need for advanced RMBs. This review provides a systematic overview of interlayer-engineered layered materials for RMBs, with a focus on the effects of various interlayer engineering strategies on magnesium storage kinetics. The advantages of interlayer engineering approaches in layered materials for RMBs are summarized, and the underlying regulatory principles that promote rapid electrochemical reactions are highlighted. Additionally, the fundamental magnesium storage mechanisms enabled by interlayer-engineered electrodes are discussed. Finally, current challenges and future research directions in interlayer engineering for RMBs are identified and discussed. Overall, this review provides an in-depth perspective on the critical role of interlayer engineering in enhancing magnesium storage kinetics, offering strategic insights for the development of advanced layered materials for high-performance RMBs.