Propagation characteristics of partially coherent twisted off-axis double-vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence

We propose a partially coherent twisted off-axis double vortex (PCTODV) beam and investigate its propagation characteristics in atmospheric turbulence. By employing the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the Wigner distribution function, we derive the corresponding analytical expressions and perform numerical simulations to validate our findings. The findings reveal that PCTODV beams possess a wider array of tunable parameters than single vortex beams with central phase singularities, which is beneficial for atmospheric turbulence propagation. The twist factor size notably affects the beam evolution rate in turbulence, with an optimized twist factor enhancing resistance to turbulence. Moreover, factors such as increased wavelength, larger initial beam waist, greater inner turbulence scale, higher refractive index structure constant, and reduced M² factor contribute to improved transmission stability. These insights advance the understanding of vortex beam propagation in turbulent atmospheric optical communication systems.