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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

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Two-mode averaging for turbulence resilience.

Alice V Drozdov, Mitchell A Cox

|August 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mode averaging in free-space optical communication mitigates atmospheric turbulence. This study reveals that considering mode-dependent loss is crucial for selecting optimal mode pairs, improving system performance.

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Area of Science:

Optical communication systems
Atmospheric turbulence mitigation
Free-space optics

Background:

Atmospheric turbulence degrades free-space optical (FSO) communication, especially with mode-division multiplexing (MDM), causing crosstalk.
Mode averaging (modal diversity) can counteract turbulence by transmitting/detecting multiple modes.
Previous modal diversity research focused on crosstalk spread for mode selection.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of mode-dependent loss on mode averaging strategies in FSO communication.
To identify optimal two-mode combinations for maximizing received power and utilizing mode space efficiently.
To evaluate combinations of orbital angular momentum (OAM), Laguerre-Gaussian (LG), and Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes.

Main Methods:

Analysis of mode averaging techniques incorporating mode-dependent loss.
Identification and assessment of optimal two-mode combinations (OAM, LG, HG, and mixed pairs).
Evaluation of mode selection criteria beyond crosstalk spread.

Main Results:

Mode-dependent loss significantly impacts the effectiveness of mode averaging strategies.
Optimal two-mode combinations were identified to maximize received power and enhance mode space utilization.
The study found that optimal mode combinations are not necessarily adjacent modes.

Conclusions:

Incorporating mode-dependent loss is essential for optimizing modal diversity in FSO communication.
Strategic selection of mode pairs, considering both crosstalk and loss, enhances system resilience to turbulence.
This research provides a more robust approach to mode selection for improved FSO communication performance.