iPhone-based anomaloscope for accessible, accurate color vision testing

Red-green color vision deficiency (CVD) is the most common single-locus genetic disorder in humans, but our ability to accurately diagnose the subtype and severity of red-green CVD in the clinic is limited. The most widely used diagnostic tools are subject to both Type I and Type II errors, while highly accurate tests are expensive, time-consuming, and not widely available. In this study, we present an iPhone-based color matching test that uses a combination of optics and software to achieve the diagnostic accuracy of an anomaloscope and the convenience of pseudoisochromatic plates. In validation testing, the device correctly diagnosed 100% of participants, as verified by genetic testing.