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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

$Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction$

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction

Published on: April 1, 2017

Geometrical diffraction and the features in the knife-edge diffraction pattern.

Xianming Meng, Ludovic Rapp

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision

|August 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals a novel concaveness in knife-edge diffraction fringes, observed in both reflective and passing-through diffraction patterns. This phenomenon

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Wave Phenomena

Background:

Knife-edge diffraction is a well-established optical phenomenon studied for over 200 years.
Recent research identified a new feature: concaveness in diffraction fringes and its near-to-far field directional reversal.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate the concaveness of diffraction fringes from various knife edges.
To provide a theoretical explanation for the observed knife-edge diffraction patterns.

Main Methods:

Conducted comprehensive experiments on diffraction from diverse knife-edge types.
Employed an approach based on diffuse reflection from infinitesimal structures for theoretical analysis.

Main Results:

Observed and confirmed the concaveness of diffraction fringes in both reflective and passing-through diffraction scenarios.
Demonstrated the directional reversal of fringe concaveness from near-field to far-field.

Conclusions:

The study validates the concaveness of diffraction fringes as a characteristic of knife-edge diffraction.
The diffuse reflection model successfully explains the observed diffraction patterns both qualitatively and quantitatively.