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Adolescent IQ and performance-based measures of physical function in old age: a 54-year longitudinal study
Yannick Stephan1, Angelina R Sutin2, Martina Luchetti2
1Euromov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Summary
Higher adolescent intelligence (IQ) is linked to better physical function in older age. This includes improved lung capacity, grip strength, and mobility, with education and adult cognition acting as key mediators.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Cognitive Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Early-life intelligence is a known predictor of late-life health outcomes.
- Previous research suggests a link between cognitive ability and overall well-being in older adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between adolescent intelligence quotient (IQ) and physical function in old age.
- To identify potential mediating factors in this relationship.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (N=5,750).
- Measured adolescent IQ and socioeconomic status (age 18) and physical function (peak expiratory flow, grip strength, chair stand, gait speed) in old age (age 72).
- Assessed potential mediators including education, adult cognition, disease burden, smoking, and physical activity.
Main Results:
- Higher adolescent IQ correlated with better physical function across multiple measures in older adulthood.
- Adolescent IQ was associated with a lower likelihood of poor lung function, reduced grip strength, weaker lower limb strength, and slower gait speed.
- The observed associations were significantly mediated by adult cognition and educational attainment.
Conclusions:
- Adolescent intelligence is a significant predictor of physical function in later life.
- Cognitive abilities and education in adulthood play a crucial role in mediating the long-term effects of early-life IQ on physical health.
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