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Updated: Sep 11, 2025
Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
Published on: August 30, 2018
Model-informed individualized administration of ceftazidime-avibactam in critically ill patients: population
Tingting Wu1, Qin Ding1, Shuqi Huang1
1Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Objectives:
Ceftazidime-avibactam is effective against resistant Gram-negative bacteria but associated with a risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), with incidence rates ranging from 13.3% to 33.0%. This study developed a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for ceftazidime-avibactam in critically ill Chinese adults, identified AKI risk factors using a time-to-event (TTE) model, and optimized dosing.
Methods:
The PopPK model was developed using non-linear mixed-effects modelling (31 patients; 104 samples) and validated with 59 samples (32 patients). A TTE model identified AKI risk factors, and Monte Carlo simulations optimized dosing strategies based on these risks.
Results:
Both ceftazidime and avibactam were best described by a one-compartment model. Creatinine clearance (CrCL) affected clearance of both, while avibactam clearance decreased with increasing C-reactive protein. AKI patients had higher exposure. The TTE analysis identified ceftazidime AUCss,24 h and mechanical ventilation (MV) as risk factors for AKI. Simulations supported a dual-objective optimization (efficacy, AUCss,24 h ≥ 784 μg·h/mL; safety, MV ≤ 1200 μg·h/mL, non-MV ≤ 2000 μg·h/mL) and renal function-stratified dosing recommendations [CrCL > 80 mL/min, 2.5 g q8h for MV/non-MV; CrCL 50-80, 1.25 g q8h for MV/non-MV; CrCL 30-50, 0.94 g q12h (MV) versus 1.25 g q8h (non-MV); CrCL 15-30, 0.94 g q24h (MV) versus 0.94 g q12h/q24h (non-MV); CrCL 6-15, 0.94 g q48h (MV) versus 0.94 g q24h/q48h (non-MV)].
Conclusions:
The PopPK model for ceftazidime-avibactam was developed for critically ill Chinese adults. TTE analysis identified ceftazidime AUCss,24 h and MV as AKI risk factors. Renal function-guided dosing optimizes efficacy and safety.
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