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Cutaneous larva migrans.

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Cutaneous larva migrans, a parasitic skin infection, is caused by hookworm larvae entering the skin. It presents as itchy tracks and is increasingly found in non-endemic areas due to climate change and travel.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Dermatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a parasitic skin disease caused by nematode larvae, primarily from Ancylostoma species.
  • It is endemic in tropical/subtropical areas, characterized by pruritic, serpiginous tracks from larval migration in the epidermis.
  • CLM significantly affects quality of life, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CLM.
  • To highlight the expanding geographic distribution of CLM due to global environmental and social changes.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing CLM variants and its increasing prevalence in non-endemic regions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CLM, focusing on parasitic causes, clinical manifestations, and epidemiological trends.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches, including clinical evaluation and treatment options.
  • Synthesis of information on preventive strategies and public health implications.

Main Results:

  • CLM is caused by hookworm larvae (e.g., Ancylostoma braziliense, A. caninum) entering the skin via contaminated soil/sand.
  • Clinical presentation includes intensely itchy, winding red tracks; variants like follicular and bullous forms exist.
  • Diagnosis is typically clinical; oral anti-helminthics (albendazole, ivermectin) are effective treatments.

Conclusions:

  • CLM is a growing public health concern with expanding geographic range due to climate change, travel, and urbanization.
  • Timely diagnosis and management are crucial, especially in non-endemic regions where awareness may be limited.
  • Prevention through sanitation, pet deworming, and protective footwear is vital in endemic and newly affected areas.