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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Exploring Cognitive Functions in Babies, Children & Adults with Near Infrared Spectroscopy
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Advances in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Physical Principles and Expanding Applications in Neuroscience.

Mengxiang Chu1,2, Yunxiang Ma1, Rumeng Tian3

  • 1The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.

Journal of Biophotonics
|August 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a noninvasive method to study brain function by monitoring blood oxygen changes. This review highlights its diverse applications and principles, showing its potential in research and clinical settings.

Keywords:
applicationscontinuous wave fNIRSdiffuse optical tomography fNIRSfrequency domain fNIRSphysical principlestime domain fNIRS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive brain imaging technique.
  • It monitors changes in blood oxygenation within the cerebral cortex.
  • fNIRS offers insights into brain activity and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of fNIRS principles and applications.
  • To enhance understanding of the fNIRS imaging process.
  • To promote awareness of fNIRS's broad applicability in various fields.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on fNIRS applications in psychiatry, neurology, and education.
  • Review of different fNIRS imaging principles (continuous wave, frequency domain, time domain, diffuse optical tomography).

Main Results:

  • fNIRS demonstrates significant potential for measuring cerebral hemodynamics.
  • High temporal and spatial resolution are key advantages of fNIRS.
  • The technology shows versatility across multiple research and clinical domains.

Conclusions:

  • fNIRS is a valuable neuroimaging tool with expanding applications.
  • Its noninvasive nature and ability to assess brain function make it highly promising.
  • Further research and clinical adoption of fNIRS are encouraged.