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    This study introduces a novel topological photonic crystal sensor for dual-parameter detection of refractive index and temperature. The sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and robustness, paving the way for advanced optical sensing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical sensing
    • Condensed matter physics
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Topological photonic crystals (TPCs) offer robust light propagation and interference immunity, making them ideal for optical sensors.
    • Existing sensors often lack dual-parameter detection capabilities or sufficient sensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically propose and demonstrate a topological valley photonic crystal (VPC) sensor for simultaneous refractive index (RI) and temperature detection.
    • To achieve topologically protected dual-parameter sensing using second-order corner states.

    Main Methods:

    • Generation of two highly localized topological corner states (TCSs) by splicing VPCs with broken inversion symmetry.
    • Independent characterization of TCS responses to RI and temperature variations.
    • Analysis of sensor robustness against various defect types.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high RI sensitivity of 653 nm/RIU (1.26-1.35) and temperature sensitivity of 235 pm/°C (0-100 °C).
    • Resonance peak quality factor (Q) exceeded 10^5 due to high TCS localization.
    • Demonstrated sensor robustness with 12 types of introduced defects.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed VPC sensor enables topologically protected, independent dual-parameter detection of RI and temperature.
    • The sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity, high Q-factor, and robustness, suitable for practical applications.
    • This design holds significant potential for compact, integrated sensors in biomedical, chemical, and pharmaceutical fields.