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CMA-based adaptive MIMO equalization for MDM systems.

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    A new equalization algorithm combining CMA, Adam, and NAG improves optical communication by speeding up convergence and reducing errors in mode division multiplexing systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical communication systems
    • Signal processing
    • Fiber optics

    Background:

    • Mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems face challenges like intermodal interference and mode coupling.
    • Traditional multiple input multiple output (MIMO) equalization algorithms, such as constant modulus algorithm (CMA), exhibit limitations in convergence speed, precision, and robustness.
    • Existing CMA algorithms can get trapped in local minima and converge slowly.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose an advanced equalization algorithm for mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems.
    • To enhance the convergence speed, precision, and robustness of equalization in optical communication.
    • To overcome the limitations of conventional constant modulus algorithm (CMA) in MDM systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a novel CMA-Adam-NAG equalization algorithm integrating adaptive learning (Adam) and predictive updates (Nesterov accelerated gradient - NAG) into CMA.
    • Conducted experimental validation on a 10 km few-mode fiber (FMF) for 20 GBaud and 40 GBaud dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) 4x4 MDM systems.
    • Compared the performance of the proposed CMA-Adam-NAG algorithm against the conventional CMA algorithm.

    Main Results:

    • The CMA-Adam-NAG algorithm demonstrated significantly faster convergence, achieving stable results in approximately 100 iterations compared to 400 iterations for conventional CMA.
    • Experimental results showed consistently superior performance of the proposed algorithm over conventional CMA in terms of convergence and symbol error rate (SER).
    • The proposed scheme achieved lower SER values and improved signal quality, indicating enhanced robustness and efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed CMA-Adam-NAG equalization algorithm offers a robust and efficient solution for blind equalization in advanced optical communication systems.
    • This novel algorithm effectively addresses the shortcomings of conventional CMA, providing faster convergence and reduced steady-state errors.
    • The improved performance makes the CMA-Adam-NAG algorithm suitable for high-speed and high-capacity optical communication systems employing MDM.