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Probing linewidth dynamics with short-time delayed linear interferometer in integrated frequency microcombs.

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    We developed a silicon nitride microresonator for optical frequency microcombs. This device achieves narrow linewidths, crucial for advancing precision measurement and communication technologies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Quantum Metrology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Optical frequency microcombs are crucial for precise frequency references across broad spectra.
    • Applications span spectroscopy, communications, metrology, and astronomy.
    • Developing stable and high-performance microcombs is an ongoing research challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and fabricate a silicon nitride adiabatic ring microresonator for soliton microcombs.
    • To investigate the microcomb bifurcation diagram and stochastic linewidth.
    • To experimentally demonstrate thermally stabilized microcomb formation and characterize linewidths.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a silicon nitride adiabatic ring microresonator.
    • Numerical simulations and experimental measurements of stochastic linewidth.
    • Swept-wavelength interferometry for characterization (Q-factor, dispersion, FSR).
    • Dual-polarization-driven method for thermally stabilized microcomb formation.
    • Short-time delayed linear interferometry for linewidth analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Microresonator achieved a loaded Q-factor of 1.8 million, dispersion of -3 ± 1.1 fs²/mm, and FSR of 88 GHz.
    • Demonstrated thermally stabilized single soliton, double soliton, and soliton crystal microcombs.
    • Measured linewidths of 2.3 kHz (single), 3.0 kHz (double), and 2.4 kHz (soliton crystal).
    • Observed slight broadening of linewidth distribution away from the pump wavelength.

    Conclusions:

    • The fabricated silicon nitride microresonator enables stable soliton microcomb generation with narrow linewidths.
    • Understanding linewidth variations is key for optimizing microcombs in high-clock-rate applications.
    • This work contributes to the advancement of optical frequency comb technology for diverse scientific fields.