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On-chip spatial multiplexing metasurface for multi-channel optical field modulation.

Yongqi Liu, Yi Lian, Pengfei Qi

    Optics Express
    |August 13, 2025
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel metasurface capable of simultaneously controlling spatial and waveguide beams. This breakthrough enables multifunctional integrated optical systems for applications like holographic displays and optical communications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metamaterials Science
    • Integrated Photonics

    Background:

    • On-chip integrated metasurfaces offer advanced optical field manipulation for applications like holographic displays and optical communications.
    • Simultaneously modulating both spatial and waveguide beams using a single metasurface presents a significant challenge in integrated photonics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a metasurface modulation method for simultaneous control of waveguide radiation, polarization, and dynamic wavefronts from multiple optical channels.
    • To develop an end-to-end design framework for optimizing metasurface parameters and target light fields without complex physical model inference.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the detour phase and Pancharatnam-Berry phase theories for metasurface design.
    • Developed an end-to-end framework for joint optimization of design parameters and light field manipulation.
    • Fabricated prototype multi-channel silicon metasurfaces on Si3N4 waveguides.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved simultaneous manipulation of waveguide radiation, polarization state, and dynamic wavefronts from five incident optical channels.
    • Demonstrated three types of multi-channel metasurfaces exhibiting holographic display, multi-focusing, and multi-channel vortex beam generation.
    • The fabricated metasurfaces showcased high integration and ease of implementation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed metasurface modulation method and design framework enable unprecedented control over optical beams on-chip.
    • The developed multi-channel metasurfaces pave the way for advanced multifunctional integrated optical systems.
    • This work holds significant potential for advancing optical communication and display technologies.