Patterns and Underlying Mechanisms of Airway Epithelial Cell Death in COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease characterized by chronic inflammation of small airways and lung parenchyma, which manifests as irreversible and progressive airflow limitation. Inhalation of toxic particles is a major risk factor for the development of COPD. Due to long-term exposure to cigarettes, air pollutants, or occupational pollutants, the incidence of COPD continues to be stubbornly high. Although some treatments can improve symptoms, the remodeling of small airways in COPD cannot be reversed, which still brings heavy social and economic burdens. There is evidence that airway epithelial cells are actively involved in the development of COPD. Damage, fibrotic repair, and death of airway epithelial cells lead to chronic inflammation and dysfunction of small airways. This review article summarizes the pattern of airway epithelial cell death and its role in the progression of COPD. At the same time, the corresponding mechanism is discussed in depth.