AlphaFold 3: an unprecedent opportunity for fundamental research and drug development

AlphaFold3 (AF3), as the latest generation of artificial intelligence model jointly developed by Google DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs, has been widely heralded in the scientific research community since its launch. With unprecedented accuracy, the AF3 model may successfully predict the structure and interactions of virtually all biomolecules, including proteins, ligands, nucleic acids, ions, etc. By accurately simulating the structural information and interactions of biomacromolecules, it has shown great potential in many aspects of structural prediction, mechanism research, drug design, protein engineering, vaccine development, and precision therapy. In order to further understand the characteristics of AF3 and accelerate its promotion, this article sets out to address the development process, working principle, and application in drugs and biomedicine, especially focusing on the intricate differences and some potential pitfalls compared to other deep learning models. We explain how a structure-prediction tool can impact many research fields, and in particular revolutionize the strategies for designing of effective next generation vaccines and chemical and biological drugs.