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From Development to Regeneration: Insights into Flight Muscle Adaptations from Bat Muscle Cell Lines.

Fengyan Deng¹, Valentina Peña^1,2, Pedro Morales-Sosa^1,3

¹Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.

|August 13, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed bat myoblast cell lines for studying muscle regeneration and flight adaptations. This research provides insights into the unique physiology of bat skeletal muscle, crucial for their flight capabilities.

Keywords:

CDK4 bat flight muscle biology hTERT myoblast cell line myotube proliferation and differentiation regeneration

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Area of Science:

Comparative physiology
Evolutionary biology
Muscle stem cell biology

Background:

Skeletal muscle regeneration is vital for growth, repair, and maintenance, driven by muscle stem cells.
Bats possess unique muscle physiology to sustain flight under extreme stress, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish in vitro models for investigating bat muscle physiology.
To identify molecular mechanisms supporting specialized muscle function in bats.

Main Methods:

Generation of stable bat myoblast cell lines from Pteropus mesoamericanus pectoralis muscle using spontaneous immortalization and gene overexpression (hTERT/CDK4).
Transcriptomic and metabolic profiling of Pteropus parnellii pectoralis muscle.
Analysis of gene expression pathways and metabolic modules.

Main Results:

Established two stable, proliferative, and differentiating myoblast cell lines exhibiting spontaneous contractions.
Identified enriched pathways for muscle metabolism, development, and regeneration in bat flight muscle.
Revealed triglyceride-rich muscle tissue and key metabolic modules (glucose, lipid, nutrient signaling) supporting energy production and flexibility.

Conclusions:

The developed cell lines offer the first in vitro platform for bat muscle research.
Findings highlight molecular programs supporting bat muscle specialization, regeneration, and metabolic resilience.
This work enables future studies on evolutionary physiology and muscle adaptation in bats.