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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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[Anyone can contract HIV but no one should get AIDS].

Katrin Holmgrimsdottir1, Saemundur Rognvaldsson2, Telma Huld Ragnarsdottir3

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Iceland.

Laeknabladid
|August 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is crucial for preventing progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Delayed diagnosis in women without perceived risk factors highlights the need for broader HIV screening considerations.

Keywords:
AIDSAIDS-defining illnessHIVHIV in womenHIV-testingHPV-infection

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Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can present with diverse clinical symptoms.
  • Untreated HIV progresses to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), leading to severe complications.
  • Effective antiretroviral therapies exist to manage HIV and prevent AIDS progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of timely HIV testing.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges in cases lacking apparent risk factors.
  • To underscore the need for considering HIV in unexplained clinical presentations.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two Icelandic women diagnosed with AIDS.
  • Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic delays.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to delayed HIV diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Both cases presented with AIDS, indicating advanced HIV infection.
  • Neither patient reported traditional risk factors for HIV acquisition.
  • Significant delays in HIV diagnosis occurred due to a lack of suspicion.

Conclusions:

  • HIV should be considered in the differential diagnosis for unexplained symptoms, regardless of perceived risk.
  • Delayed diagnosis of HIV can lead to severe outcomes like AIDS.
  • Increased awareness and broader testing strategies are necessary for early HIV detection.