Stress-induced alterations in leukocyte profile and serum biochemical parameters in broilers

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Physiology
• Poultry Science

Background:

• Broiler chickens face various stressors in commercial production.
• Understanding physiological responses to stress is vital for animal welfare and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the impact of transport stress, high stocking density, and heat stress on broiler chickens.
• To compare the effects of these stressors on blood leukocyte dynamics and biochemical parameters.

Main Methods:

• Sixty broiler chickens were divided into four groups: control, transport stress, high stocking density, and heat stress.
• Blood leukocyte counts, serum corticosterone, total protein, ALT, AST, creatinine, and lipid profiles were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Transport and heat stress increased heterophils, decreased lymphocytes, and lowered serum corticosterone, elevating the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio.
• Heat stress altered ALT, AST, total protein, creatinine, and triglyceride levels, and affected cholesterol profiles (increased LDL and total cholesterol, decreased HDL).
• Transport and stocking density stress did not significantly affect serum total protein, ALT, AST, or creatinine.

Conclusions:

• Different stressors elicit distinct physiological responses in broiler chickens.
• Elevated heterophil:lymphocyte ratio indicates stress, with heat stress causing broader biochemical alterations.
• Findings inform strategies for improved poultry welfare and management under commercial conditions.