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Pediatric Graves' disease: insights into clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes
Akshatha Anand1, Vani Hebbal Nagarajappa1, Raghupathy Palany1
1Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology Bengaluru India Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, India.
Insights
Graves' disease is a common cause of juvenile hyperthyroidism. Early recognition of symptoms like heat intolerance and sweating is crucial for timely treatment in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Thyroid Disorders
Background:
- Graves' disease is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents.
- Early diagnosis and management are essential to prevent long-term complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the early clinical manifestations of Graves' disease in pediatric patients.
- To evaluate treatment outcomes for juvenile Graves' disease.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective hospital-based review of 47 pediatric patients diagnosed with Graves' disease between 2011 and 2022.
- Statistical analysis of patient demographics, clinical presentations, and treatment responses.
Main Results:
- The study included 47 patients (66% female), with an average age of 12.79 years at diagnosis.
- Common symptoms included heat intolerance (76.6%), excessive sweating (74.5%), and palpitations (68.1%).
- Remission was achieved in only 4.3% of patients treated with antithyroid drugs.
Conclusions:
- Graves' disease is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism in the pediatric population.
- Physicians must be vigilant for characteristic signs and symptoms to prevent diagnostic delays in children.
Objective:
To identify early manifestations of Graves' disease in young patients and its treatment outcomes.
Subjects And Methods:
This was a hospital-based review of case records of 47 children (aged 1 month to 18 years) with Graves' disease from 2011 to 2022. Data were summarized and statistically analyzed.
Results:
This study included 47 patients with Graves' disease, of whom 31 (66%) were girls. The average age at the initial diagnosis was 12.79 ± 3.75 years. Common presenting complaints included heat intolerance (76.6%), excessive sweating (74.5%), palpitations (68.1%), tremors (48.9%), weight loss (38.3%), increased appetite (34%), diarrhea (31.9%), and constipation (4.3%). The mean thyrotropin receptor antibody titer was 16.93 ± 13.47 IU/L. Remission was achieved in two (4.3%) patients treated with antithyroid drugs.
Conclusion:
Graves' disease is the most common cause of juvenile hyperthyroidism, and treating physicians should be aware of its signs and symptoms to avoid treatment delays.
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